Some electrons are directly transferred to O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ETC. The second part of this review discusses the sites of ROS generation in each ETC complex, including sites IF and IQ in complex I, site IIF in complex II and site IIIQo in complex III, and the physiological and pathological regulation of ROS.

In this review, the basic components of the ETC are discussed and the process of electron transfer in each complex, including the structure, composition and function of each complex is reviewed. In addition, the ROS generation sites in the ETC are summarized and the ROS regulation is mentioned.

Oct 1, 2020 · Despite this variation between cell types, mitochondrial ATP generation and ROS production are intimately linked through function of the electron transport chain (ETC), and thus efficient measurement of ETC function can provide insight into mechanisms of physiology and disease pathogenesis.

T cells can engage a variety of distinct metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid synthesis, etc. Energy production from those pathways unavoidably generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause damage to the cell.

Dec 11, 2023 · As the final electron acceptor, oxygen enables the flow of electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC can be imagined as an electric current that powers a...

Dec 7, 2018 · Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) plays a central role in ATP synthesis, and its dysfunction is associated with human diseases. Recent studies revealed that individual ETC...

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which is composed of four multiprotein complexes named complex I-IV, is believed to be important in the aging process and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Jul 7, 2022 · Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized both as damaging molecules and intracellular signaling entities. In addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) constitutes a relevant source of mitochondrial ROS, in particular during pathological conditions.

Feb 24, 2019 · Some electrons are directly transferred to O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ETc. The second part of this review discusses the sites of ROS generation in each ETc complex, including sites IF and IQ in complex I, site IIF in complex II and site IIIQo in complex III, and the physiological and pathological regula-tion of ROS.

Dec 5, 2024 · Here, we show that the central enzyme of the reductive stress response, the E3 ligase Cullin 2-FEM1 homolog B (CUL2 FEM1B), specifically acts at mitochondrial TOM complexes, where it senses ROS produced by complex III of the electron transport chain (ETC).