Philosophy of logic, the study, from a philosophical perspective, of the nature and types of logic, including problems in the field and the relation of logic to mathematics, computer science, the empirical sciences, and human disciplines such as linguistics, psychology, law, and education.

The crucial idea in this theory is that of truth (absolutely or with respect to an interpretation). It was first analyzed in logical semantics around 1930 by the Polish-American logician Alfred Tarski. In its different variants, logical semantics is the central area in the philosophy of logic.

The systematic study of logic was first undertaken by Aristotle. From the Renaissance until the early 19th century Aristotle’s system of formal reasoning, known as syllogistic, was widely regarded as the sum of the discipline.

The systematic study of logic seems to have been undertaken first by Aristotle. Although Plato used dialectic as both a method of reasoning and a means of philosophical training, Aristotle established a system of rules and strategies for such reasoning.

Mar 27, 2025 · Logic - Symbolic, Deductive, Inductive: Logic is often studied by constructing what are commonly called logical systems. A logical system is essentially a way of mechanically listing all the logical truths of some part of logic by means of the application of recursive rules—i.e., rules that can be repeatedly applied to their own output.

History of logic - Model Theory, Symbolic Logic, Deductive Reasoning: Results such as those obtained by Gödel and Skolem were unmistakably semantic—or, as most logicians would prefer to say, model-theoretic. Yet no general theory of logical semantics was developed for some time.

Both Peirce’s conception of the purposes of logic and the details of his symbolism and logical rules were enormously complicated by highly developed and unusual philosophical views, by elaborate theories of mind and thought, and by his theory of mental and visual signs (semiotics).

Gödel’s incompleteness theorems are among the most important results in the history of logic. Two related metatheoretical results were proved soon afterward. First, Alonzo Church showed in 1936 that, although first-order logic is semantically complete, it is not decidable. In other words, even though the class of first-order logical truths ...

Logic for Aristotle was a theory of ideal human reasoning and inference that also had clear pedagogical value. Early modern logicians stressed what they called “dialectics” (or “rhetoric”), because “logic” had come to mean an elaborate scholastic theory of reasoning that was not always directed toward improving reasoning.

In addition to proof theory and model theory, a third main area of contemporary logic is the theory of recursive functions and computability. Much of the specialized work belongs as much to computer science as to logic.