STM-N frames are built through byte-multiplexing of N STM-1 signals. Not all bytes of the multiplexed SOH (size = N x SOH of STM-1) are relevant in an STM-4/16. For example there is only one B1 byte in an STM-4/16 frame which is computed the same way as for an STM-1.

Three byte-multiplexed STS frames (SONET frame), each containing one AU-3 can be mapped into one STM-1.

The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels go up by a factor of 4 at a time: the other currently supported levels are STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 and STM-256.

Mar 17, 2013 · The STM-1 Section Overhead (SOH) consists of nine columns by nine rows as shown below. It forms the start of the STM-1 frame.The SOH contains control and status messages at the optical fibre level.

Abstract : In this paper we present the ASIC implementation of STM-1 Framer and De-Framer. This paper mainly focuses on multiplexing digital data, transmitting and receiving the STM-1 frame. The design is implemented using Verilog HDL, simulated on …

STS stands for Synchronous Transport Signal. STS-1, after scrambling, is referred to as OC-1 (Optical Carrier). An STS-3 frame is created by interleaving three STS-1 frames.

The SONET stack STS-1: Section and line overheads The following are some of the bytes in the section overhead (SOH) : A1 and A2: These two bytes are called the framing bytes and they are used for frame alignment.

The STM-1 frame is the basic transmission format for SDH. The frame lasts for 125 microseconds, therefore, there are 8000 frames per second. The STM-1 frame consists of overhead plus a virtual container capacity (see Figure 1).

The synthesized UNI ICs allow a STM-1 on STM-N frame multiplexation or to directly perform the payload mapping of N 155 Mbit/s ATM cell streams on a STM-N frame in a compact and cost-effective manner. We have developed a general VHDL description that, by means of a VHDL synthesis tool, allows the designer to

AU-3s are also compatible with the SONET standard (Synchronous Optical NETwork) which is the predecessor of SDH (and still the prevailing technology within the USA). Three byte-multiplexed STS frames (SONET frame), each containing one AU-3 can be mapped into one STM-1. Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary. Use pursuant to applicable agreements