Feb 22, 2025 · The LAD should arise from the left coronary cusp which lies between 3 and 6 o'clock on an axial view. The length of the LAD can be highly variable. On angiography, it may be reported as types I-III: type I: short vessel (can terminate before apex) type II: intermediate vessel. type III: long wrap-around vessel (around the apex) Relations

Feb 22, 2025 · short LAD originates from the left main and terminates in the proximal anterior interventricular sulcus. long LAD originates from proximal RCA, follows an anomalous course between the RVOT and the aortic root, and enters the distal anterior interventricular sulcus. type VII: both left-main and LAD proper present

Dec 14, 2021 · A hypoplastic left anterior descending artery (LAD) refers to a luminal narrowing or a short course of the left anterior descending artery.

This case shows an example of a right dominant coronary circulation with type III left anterior descending artery (LAD).

Mar 5, 2025 · Bridging is typically described for the left anterior descending artery (LAD), with the mid-segment of the LAD considered the most common location 5; however, other major coronary arteries can also be involved 2.

Mar 22, 2025 · Anomalous course of a coronary artery is a type of congenital coronary artery anomaly. It may represent a benign and incidental finding, but rarely it is a malignant course predisposing patients to life-threatening myocardial ischemia or arrhythmias, depending on …

The double LAD coronary artery originating from the left main coronary stem and the right coronary artery is a rare congenital coronary anomaly 1. It reported occurring in 0.64–1.3% of patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Mar 18, 2025 · type B1: having one of the above characteristics. type B2: having two or more of the above characteristics. type C. diffuse. excessive tortuosity of proximal segment. extremely angulated, >90º. inability to protect major side branch. degenerated vein graft with friable lesions

Apr 30, 2023 · short LAD originates from the left main and terminates in the proximal anterior interventricular sulcus. long LAD originates from the mid-RCA, courses inferior wall surface of the RV, then turns around the apex, and reaches the distal anterior interventricular sulcus. type IX: (triple LAD) both left-main and LAD proper present

This is a case of dual left anterior descending coronary arteries (type 1) according to Spindola-Franco and colleagues 1,2. The following features characterize this variant 1,2: left main stem and proper proximal left anterior descending artery present. a …