Espalier is a distinct, decorative, gardening art form introduced in ancient Rome as a technique for controlling the woody ...

A French word derived from an Italian term meaning “something to rest your shoulder against,” the horticultural term espalier ...

The term espalier refers to the way fruit trees are ... Fork over the bottom of the hole. Soak the plant thoroughly and allow to drain. Place the tree in the centre of the hole and check the ...

Apple trees can grow very large, but their size can be managed by pruning them to a two-dimensional espalier shape and by choosing trees that have been grafted onto dwarf or miniature root stock.